mtDNA Recent Ancestral Origins

Country	Your Matches	Comment	Match Total	Country Total	Percentage
England	1	-	1	5,792	< 0.1%
Finland	1	-	1	1,066	0.1%
Germany	1	-	1	6,643	< 0.1%
Norway	3	-	3	1,045	0.3%
Scotland	1	-	1	2,474	< 0.1%
Sweden	2	-	2	1,185	0.2%
United Kingdom	1	British Isles	1	4,757	< 0.1%

Your Haplogroup and mutations relative to the Cambridge Reference Sequence (CRS) are shown below. A value of CRS indicates no mutations. High resolution (HVR2) results are shown only if you have requested the mtDNAPlus or mtDNA Refine test. If you ordered a Mega mtDNA the Coding Region (CR) will be displayed below.

 

Haplogroup - U* & U8

• HVR1 differences from CRS
  • 16209C
  • 16342C
• HVR2 differences from CRS
  • 73G
  • 263G
  • 282C
  • 309.1C
  • 315.1C

U* Specific mitochondrial haplogroups are typically found in different regions of the world, and this is due to unique population histories. In the process of spreading around the world, many populations—with their special mitochondrial haplogroups—became isolated, and specific haplogroups concentrated in geographic regions. Today, we have identified certain haplogroups that originated in Africa, Europe, Asia, the islands of the Pacific, the Americas, and even particular ethnic groups. Of course, haplogroups that are specific to one region are sometimes found in another, but this is due to recent migration.

The mitochondrial super-haplogroup U encompasses haplogroups U1-U7 and haplogroup K. Haplogroup U*, with its own multiple lineages nested within, dates to older than 50,000 years ago. Most likely originating in central Asia, and spreading into Europe in a very early expansion, the presence of haplogroup U* in Europe pre-dates the expansion of agriculture in Europe. Interestingly, individuals with haplogroup U* may have been come in contact with Neandertals living in Europe at the time.

The mitochondrion sequenced in 1981 became known as the Cambridge Reference Sequence (CRS) and has been used as a basis for comparison with your mtDNA. In other words, any place in your mtDNA where you have a difference from the CRS, is characterized as a mutation. if your results show no mutations at all, it means that your mtDNA matches the CRS. A mutation happens a) when a base replaces another base - for example a C (Cytosine) replaces an A (Adenine), b) when a base is no longer in that position and c) when a new base is inserted between the other bases without replacing any other. Those mutations are represented below according to the following color code:

a) Mutation at position: RED       b) Mutation Deleted: Strike       c) Mutation Inserted: Green

The CRS is displayed below and we indicate where your differences are using the above color coding system. Please note that when you see "ATTCTAATTT" under 16010, it actually means that 16001 has an "A" (Adenine), 16002 has a "T" (Thymine), 16003 has a "T" (Thymine), 16004 has a "C" (Cytosine) and so on. If your table of mutations above indicates you have a difference "192T," the second letter in the section under 16200 will be a red "C" meaning that the CRS letter at that place is a "C," whereas yours is the "T" reported in the chart above.